It has a long settlement history, dating back to at least the chalcolithic period and gaining prominence as arbela during the assyrian period. Erbil citadel, situated today at the very centre of modern. Dating back to the 5 th millennium bc, the erbil citadel sits atop a large archaeological mound in the heart of erbil, the capital of the kurdish autonomous region in iraq also known as iraqi. Erbil citadel is a fortified ovoidshaped ancient mound. Parallels the citadel, at the heart of the kurdish city of erbil, has been inhabited for six millennia. Erbil citadel mosque unbelievable kurdistan official. Qalae hawler check out tripadvisor members 2,162 candid photos and videos. As war destroys ancient iraq, erbil works to rebuild citadel. Erbil citadel, restoration and rehabilitation of chalabi houses.
Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Visitors last week at the erbil citadel, a unesco world heritage site in iraq that is one of the oldest continuously occupied. Photos at central erbil bazaar citadel flea market in erbil. It is believed to have been in continuous existence for 7000 years or even more. Erbil citadeliraq webgis and document management system for the erbil citadel. The citadel of erbil is the centerpoint of the city, and a must visit. Erbil is known as the ancient citadel that has been continuously inhabited for 60008000 years 7. Most of the remaining structures date from the 19th. Written and iconographic historical records document the antiquity of. The citadel remains at the heart of a thriving city with a population of 1. A visit to erbil citadel starts at the large bazaar at.
The erbil citadel is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of erbil in the kurdistan region of iraq. Erbil citadel world heritage site pictures, info and. Erbil citadel park pbaa piano b architetti associati. Erbil citadel, which is considered the symbol of erbil city, is as old as the city of erbil. After 6,000 years of human habitation, one family and lots of mice. The site of the citadel dates back almost 8000 years and archaeologists have uncovered ancient artefacts, as workers revive it as a. Pdf summaryerbil citadel poster jambally a mohammed. The citadel, which rises some 30 meters above the plain, is surrounded by a lower town that developed in the modern city of erbil. The citadel is the unique heritage of human experience and genius of thousands of years. The erbil alqala citadel is located on a distinct hill tell in the foothills. The citadel of erbil lies in the middle of the city of erbil hewler which is the capital city of the kurdish regional government of iraq. The erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of a 2030 meter high tell. Erbil citadel represents a distinct urban entity and should be treated as such. This addition has caused a significant increase in the values of global and local integratio n, changed the shape of the core of integration in the citadel.
Until recently it was inhabited by many families, now only one remains. Pdf erbil citadel joined the unesco world heritage list in june 2014, and is one of the. Known as the citadel of erbil, this fortified town, measuring a meager 430 by 340 meters and occupying 102,000 square meters in area has been in continuous occupation since at least the 5th millennium bc, and possibly earlier. The erbil citadel has witnessed a major transformation in the geometry of its urban space pattern at the end of the fifth decade of the 20.
When erbil city was founded it was only the citadel, the entrances had iron doors 10 to protect the city from kurdish incursions to which all the turkmen villages on the kurdish line were repeatedly subjected. Erbil citadel, the city where it all began duration. Erbil passed under the ruling of different empires over the history. The inhabitants of the citadel were evacuated and moved to a special area in the southeastern part of erbil which they named new citadel of erbil. Beethoven concerto for violin and orchestra hilary hahn, violin. Ive narrowed this down to 15 for you, i tried to narrow it down to 10, but i was just so impressed by erbil and excited by it all that i made it a top 15 youll need about 3 days to tick these all off properly so bear that in mind. Conservation of erbil citadel, iraq assessment of the. More than half of the governorates population lives in the district of erbil, the location of the city of erbil which is also the governorates and the krgs capital city. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 4.
There is an impressive view over shar garden square and the rooftops of the covered bazaar below. This is represented in the citadel at the centre of it. The citadel has been inscribed on the world heritage list since 21 june 2014. Erbil citadel town is situated on top of an artifi cial, 32meters high earthen mound, and visually dominating the expansive modern city of erbil. However, the period from the establishment of iraq in 1920 to 20 is the focus. The first mosque to be built on its grounds, the citadel mosque is located in the center of the citadel. Ibn mustawfi referred to it as the fortress mosque in his book the history of. Seen from above, the mound of earth sprouts from the otherwise flat surrounding terrain. Undertaking juridical studies with a view to improving the existing legal. Erbil, shaqlawa, koisinjaq, soran, choman, mergasur and makhmur. Dating back at least 6,000 years, erbil citadel is the oldest continuously inhabited urban settlement in the world and well worth a visit.
Erbil is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, dating back to 6,000 years b. Erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of an imposing ovoidshaped tell a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot in the kurdistan region, erbil governorate. The exhibition showed contemporary colour photography of kurdistan by richard wilding accompanied by black and white photographs taken in the 1940s by anthony kersting, courtesy of the courtauld institute of art, london. Today, the citadel is an historical and archaeological symbol of the city in terms of its cultural and hereditary fabric awaiting more care and interest to be. Erbil citadel is a characteristic urban settlement on top of an imposing ovoidshaped tell, with a diameter of 300 meters, a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot over 6. An extensive renovation under the watchful eye of unesco is undergoing. The citadel is uninhabited since 2006 and undergoing reconstructions. The erbil citadel dates back thousands of years, to the first settlers of erbil. A breakthrough straight street has been inserted and imposed on the organic pattern of the citadel. In 2008 a global project for revitalization of the citadel of erbil was launched under the. Closed for renovations in 2007, all but one family were evicted as to maintain its record for being continuously inhabited. Pdf the citadel of erbil kurdistaniraq, with eight thousands years of.
Top 15 things to see and do in erbil, kurdistan, iraq. The erbil citadel, also known as the hawler castle, is unescodesignated world heritage site in erbil, the capital of iraqi kurdistan history of the erbil citadel. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in. The citadel is a historical city centre of presently rapidly growing erbil, which is t. It has been claimed that the site is the oldest continuously inhabited town in the world. Foursquare uses cookies to provide you with an optimal experience, to personalize ads that you may see, and to help advertisers measure the results of their ad campaigns. The imposing yellowochre color structure with a solid perimeter wall is one of the most dramatic visual experiences in. It is not simply an agglomeration of a number of houses and other buildings located within a complex system of narrow alleyways. Over the millenia, the erbil citadel has taken shape, each generation building new structures on top of those of the previous generation. The citadel of erbil is a tell or occupied mound in the historical heart of erbil, rising between 25 and 32 metres 82 and 105 ft from the surrounding plain. From this chapter, the reader should clearly understand how and where. Return to kurdistan was exhibited in a recently restored ottomanera building within the 6,000 yearold erbil citadel. February 2010 urgent preventive works of erbil citadel, irak.
The citadel features a peculiar fanlike pattern dating back to erbils late ottoman phase. Alexander the great defeated the persian king darius iii on the plains surrounding erbil in 331 b. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Erbil citadel is a formerly fortified settlement which has grown up on the. Erbil citadel park the design for the museum park of the erbil citadel meets the need to enhance the architectural heritage and the will of the local administration to broaden its cultural offerings, combining spaces for leisure and relax with cultural activities. Situated in the center of the city, which radiates out around it, you pass through a security checkpoint on the way up. Erbil citadel documents unesco world heritage centre. Visitors can still have a tour of the ancient citadel where they can see its main attractions, such as the mosques and the public baths, and enjoy a fantastic view of the whole city.
889 935 797 417 1314 1556 64 504 202 273 1627 1065 1054 285 1188 582 1309 3 773 466 372 960 21 260 261 856 104 576